In 2014, EUA price expectations were corrected upwards and depict a positive trend in the medium and long term. Nevertheless, CO₂ abatement remains in most cases only a side effect of energy efficiency measures and the EU ETS generated only weak incentives for firms to implement carbon abatement measures. A binding international climate agreement is considered to be less harmful for companies’ competitiveness than Europe-wide or national climate actions.

KfW/ZEW CO2 Barometer 2015 – Carbon Edition(PDF, 2 MB, non-accessible)

Companies in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme: does climate policy influence their competitiveness?(PDF, 82 KB, non-accessible)